(c)  騭, ᪢

ZXNet : 500:95/462.53
E-mail: bestview@mtu-net.ru
WWW   : http://www.ivr.da.ru

       HTML-㬥 ଠ樨   ஢
     

(".  " 10/2003)




     ࠧ 稭    HTML-㬥 
ਡ "charset", 㪠뢠騩  ஢.  ࠡ 
୥     祭, ᫨ 㧥 砥
ᢥ  ஢ ।⢥  ࢥ, ।饣
㬥.  ᫨  ⠪ 㬥    ⥬
   ᬮ,  짮⥫ ਤ ᠬ
㪠뢠 ஢, ⠪  㧥  㤠 㤥 
㧭 (᫨ ⮫쪮 㧥  㬥 ⮬᪨ ।
஢,  ᮤন 㬥).
    ⮫  ⮩ ஡,  訫  ணࠬ,
 ஢  ࠭ 짮⥫  ᪥
HTML-㬥   ⢨  - 㬥 ਡ
"charset" ⮬᪨ ।﫠  ஢ ⮣ 㬥
 﫠    ଠ  ஢.


। ஢


     騥   HTML-㬥 뫨   ஢
Windows-1251 ( WIN),   KOI8-R ( KOI). ,
㬥  㣨 ஢   ᪮筮 
୥ 祭 ।.  ࠧ, ணࠬ  㬥
।,     ஢ ᮮ⢥
ࠡ뢠 㬥.
     ᢮  [1]  [2]  㦥 ᬠਢ ࠧ
 ⮬᪮ । ஢ ⥪.  [1]
 ᬮ७  롮  ஢ ALT  WIN,
᭮  ᮡ  ஢   
砥 ࠧ 㪢,   [2] - 䨪 ⮣
⬠  ஢ WIN  KOI,  ⠪ 㣮  
롮  ஢ ALT, WIN  KOI, ᭮  ⮬, 
   ⠭ 㪢    ᫮. 
 ᠭ ᬠਢ ணࠬ  訫 ᯮ짮 
 , ᮢ襭 ⫨  ।  ᭮ 
 ᮡ ஢ WIN  KOI.

         0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  A  B  C  D  E  F
       Ŀ
     C                                 
     D                                 
     E                                 
     F                                 
       
                    . 1. ஢ WIN

         0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  A  B  C  D  E  F
       Ŀ
     C                                 
     D                                 
     E                                 
     F                                 
       
                    . 2. ஢ KOI

     ய 㪢  ஢ WIN   
㪢  ஢ KOI,   (⠡. 1, 2).   
ࠢ쭮 । ஢ ய 㪢 ⠭
묨,   - ய묨.
     筮 ⥪ (. 1 ) 筠 㪢  
᫥ ய᭮ (ਬ,  砫 ।),  ய᭠
᫥ 筮 -  . ᫨   १ ࠢ쭮
। ஢ (. 1 ,) ய 㪢 ⠫
묨,   - ய묨,   ⥪  㤥
 ய 㪢 ᫥ 筮,   - 
᫥ ய᭮.

  Ŀ   Ŀ   Ŀ
   1a.gif             1b.gif             1c.gif         
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        
        
  a) ஢         ) WIN ᯮ    ) KOI ᯮ
     ।            KOI               WIN
     ࠢ쭮
                            . 1

     ࠧ,  । ஢ 뢠
祭 . ᬠਢ ⥪,   㦨 
ᥤ ᨬ,     ਭ 
C0h-DFh,   㣮 -  E0h-FFh. (   
 ᨬ - ய᭠ 㪢,  㣮 - 筠.) ᫨ 
ࢮ ᨬ ਭ  C0h-DFh,  ஢
⥪ - WIN,  - KOI. (   ᨬ  
ய᭮ 㪢,  ன - 筮.)
    ᫨  ⥪ ᬮ७,  ॡ㥬  ᨬ 
㦥,    । ஢ ⥪.
     ,  ⫨稥  ᠭ  [1]  [2], 
। ஢ ⥪  ⢥ ᫮  
㪢, 稭饬  ய᭮ 㪢,   ॡ 
⨪ -  , । ஢ 㤥  
 .    ⮫쪮  롮  WIN  KOI.


 ணࠬ


/* ͻ */
/*  CharSET 1.0 -   HTML-㬥 ଠ樨   ஢.  */
/*  (c)  騭, ᪢, 2003.                                          */
/*  E-mail: bestview@mtu-net.ru                 WWW: http://www.ivr.da.ru  */
/* ͼ */

/* : Turbo C 2.0. */

#include <io.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <dir.h>
#include <dos.h>

/* ========================== ᠭ 㭪権 =========================== */

int get_line (FILE* f, char* fullname);
void proc_file (char *filename);
int cmp_str (FILE* f, char* s);
int find_charset (FILE* f, fpos_t* pos);
int def_winkoi (FILE* f);
int set_dir (char *s, char *name);
FILE* fopen_1 (char* name, char* mode);
int fgetc_1 (FILE* f);
void fputc_1 (int c, FILE* f);
void fputs_1 (char* s, FILE* f);
void set_dir_1 (char *s, char *name);
void fclose_1 (FILE* f);

/* ======================== 諠 ᠬ ணࠬ ========================= */

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
 FILE *f_list;
 char s[129];

 printf ("\nͻ\n");
 printf   (" CharSET 1.0 -   HTML-㬥 ଠ樨   ஢. \n");
 printf   (" (c)  騭, ᪢, 2003.                                         \n");
 printf   (" E-mail: bestview@mtu-net.ru                 WWW: http://www.ivr.da.ru \n");
 printf   ("ͼ\n");

 if (argc<2) {printf ("\nSyntax: charset.exe HTML-file or @list-of-HTML-files\n\n"); exit(1);}

 if (argv[1][0]!='@') proc_file (argv[1]); /* ࠡ⪠  䠩. */
 else
 { /* 뢠 䠩  ᯨ᪮ 䠩.
      ᫨ 㪠   - 室  㦭 ⠫. */
  if ((strlen(argv[1]+1)>=3)&&(argv[1][2]==':'))
  {
   set_dir_1(argv[1]+1,s);
   f_list=fopen_1(s,"rb");
  }
  else f_list=fopen_1(argv[1]+1,"rb");
  /* ࠡ⪠ 䠩  ᯨ᪠. */
  while (get_line(f_list,s)==1) proc_file(s);
  fclose_1 (f_list);
 }
 printf ("\n\n"); exit (0);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   㭪 get_line - ⥭ ப  䠩.
   室:  㤠筮 襭  fullname - ⠭ ப,  㭪
   頥 1. ᫨ 䠩 稫  ⨫  ப -
   頥 0. ᫨  ப  128 ᨬ - 믮 ணࠬ
   뢠.
 ========================================================================= */

int get_line (FILE* f, char* fullname)
{
 int i=0;
 int c;

 c=fgetc_1(f);
 if ((c==EOF)||(c==13)) return (0); /*  䠩   ப. */
m1:
 fullname[i]=c; fullname[i+1]=0;    /*  ᨬ  ப. */
 c=fgetc_1(f); if (c==EOF) return (1);                /*  䠩.  */
 if (c==13) {c=fgetc_1(f); /* skip 10 */ return (1);} /*  ப. */
 i++; if (i<=128) goto m1;
 printf ("\nப  128 ᨬ  ᯨ᪥ 䠩!\n\n"); exit (1);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   㭪 proc_file - ࠡ⪠ 䠩  㪠  (, , 
    ⮬ 䠩).
 ========================================================================= */

void proc_file (char *fullname)
{
 FILE *f_src, *f_dst;
 int c,a;
 fpos_t pos;
 int charset;
 char command[255];
 char filename[13];
 unsigned long i;
 char* win="<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1251\">";
 char* koi="<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=KOI8-R\">";

 /* ⠥ । 㭪樨  䠩. */

 printf ("\n%s  ",fullname);

 /* ᫨ 㪠   - 室  㦭 ⠫.
    頥  䠩  filename. */

 if ((strlen(fullname)>=3)&&(fullname[1]==':')) set_dir_1(fullname,filename);
 else {for (i=0;i<12;i++) filename[i]=fullname[i]; filename[12]=0;}
 f_src=fopen_1(filename,"rb");

 /* 㥬 ᮤন 䠩. */

 a=find_charset(f_src,&pos);
 if (a==1) {printf ("஢ 㦥 㪠."); fclose_1 (f_src); return;}
 if (a==2) {printf ("४ ଠ 䠩."); fclose_1 (f_src); return;}

 /* ।塞 ஢. */

 printf ("஢");
 charset=def_winkoi(f_src);
 if (charset==0) {printf ("  ᯮ."); fclose_1 (f_src); return;}
 if (charset==1) printf (": windows-1251.");
 if (charset==2) printf (": KOI8-R.");

 /* 㥬 室 䠩  ६ 䠩: */

 strcpy (command,"copy /b ");
 strcat (command,filename);
 strcat (command," $$$$$$$$.tmp >nul");
 system (command);

 /* 뢠 ६ 䠩  ⥭, 室 䠩 -  .
    ᫨  ஢ ࠡ뢠 䠩  ६ 䠩  墠⨫
      ᪥,  ६ 䠩  㤥 ᮧ,   ⪥ 
     믮 ணࠬ 㤥 ࢠ. */

 fclose_1(f_src);
 f_src=fopen_1("$$$$$$$$.tmp","rb");
 f_dst=fopen_1(filename,"wb");

 /* 㥬 pos ⮢, 뢠 ப  㪠 charset,  ⥬
    㥬 ⮪ 䠩. */

 for (i=0;i<pos;i++) fputc_1(fgetc_1(f_src),f_dst);
 if (charset==1) {for (i=0;i<strlen(win);i++) fputc_1(win[i],f_dst);}
 else {for (i=0;i<strlen(koi);i++) fputc_1(koi[i],f_dst);}
 while ((c=fgetc_1(f_src))!=EOF) fputc_1(c,f_dst);

 /* 뢠 ६  室 䠩, 㤠塞 ६ 䠩. */

 fclose_1 (f_src); fclose_1 (f_dst); remove ("$$$$$$$$.tmp");
}

/* ==========================================================================
   㭪 find_charset -  䠩 f.
   室: 0 - charset  㪠 (  䠩  ⥣ <head>,   <head>,
     <body>).   ६ pos - ᬥ饭,  ண 㤥
   㪠뢠 charset (᫨  䠩  <head>,  pos 㪠뢠  
   ࠧ ᫥ <head>; ᫨  䠩  <head>,   <body>,  pos
   㪠뢠   ࠧ । <body>.
          1 - charset 㪠.
          2 - charset  㪠,  䠩  ᮤন ⥣ <head>  <body>.
 ========================================================================= */

int find_charset (FILE* f, fpos_t* pos)
{
m1:
 if (cmp_str(f,"charset=")==1) return (1);
 if (cmp_str(f,"<head>")==1) {fgetpos (f,pos); *pos=*pos+6; goto m2;}
 if (cmp_str(f,"<body")==1) {fgetpos (f,pos); return (0);}
 if (fgetc_1(f)!=EOF) goto m1;
 return (2);

/* <head> 㦥. 饬,   : charset  </head>. */

m2:
 if (cmp_str(f,"charset=")==1) return (1);
 if (cmp_str(f,"</head>")==1) return (0);
 if (fgetc_1(f)!=EOF) goto m2;
 return (0);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   㭪 cmp_str - ஢ ᮢ (ॣ 㪢  뢠)
    ப s  ⮣,  室  䠩 f  ⥪饩 樨.
   室: 1 - ᮢ, 0 - ᮢ.   䠩  .
 ========================================================================= */

int cmp_str (FILE* f, char* s)
{
 fpos_t pos;
 int c,i;
 static int t;
 unsigned long l;
 char prc[5];
 union REGS r1;

 fgetpos (f,&pos); /*  ⥪  䠩. */

 /*   2048- 맮 㭪樨 뢮 ଠ  ⮬, ᪮쪮
    業⮢ 䠩 㦥 ࠡ⠭.    . 
     ᯮ 㭪樨 BIOS, ⮡  ७祭 뢮  䠩
    ⠬  뫮 ଠ樨  業 (  ࠭  뫠). */

 t++;
 if ((t&0x7ff)==0)
 {
  l=filelength(fileno(f))/100; /* l=1%              */
  if (l!=0) l=pos/l;           /* l=0..100          */
  sprintf (prc,"%ld%%",l);     /* prc="0%".."100%". */

  /* 뢮 ᨬ  ப prc  ࠭   㭪権 BIOS. ⮬
     ⮫쪮  ࠧ 㯠 , ⮡    ० . */

  r1.h.ah=0xf; int86 (0x10,&r1,&r1);
  i=0;
  do {r1.h.ah=0xe; r1.h.al=prc[i]; int86 (0x10,&r1,&r1); i++;}
  while (prc[i]!=0);
  r1.h.ah=0xe; r1.h.al=' '; int86 (0x10,&r1,&r1); i++;
  r1.h.ah=0xe; r1.h.al=' '; int86 (0x10,&r1,&r1); i++;
  do {r1.h.ah=0xe; r1.h.al='\b'; int86 (0x10,&r1,&r1); i--;}
  while (i>0);
 }

 /* ஢ઠ ᮢ ப s  ᮤন 䠩. */

 for (i=0;i<strlen(s);i++)
 {
  if (tolower(fgetc_1(f))!=s[i]) {fsetpos (f,&pos); return (0);}
 }
 fsetpos (f,&pos);
 return (1);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   㭪 def_winkoi - । ஢ (WIN  KOI) 㪠 䠩.
   室: 0 - ஢  㤠 ।, 1 - WIN, 2 - KOI.
 ========================================================================= */

int def_winkoi (FILE* f)
{
 int c1,c2;

 rewind(f); /* 樮஢  砫 䠩. */
 c1=fgetc_1(f); if (c1==EOF) return (0);
m1:
 c2=fgetc_1(f); if (c2==EOF) return (0);
 if (((c1>=0xc0)&&(c1<=0xdf))&&((c2>=0xe0)&&(c2<=0xff))) return (1);
 if (((c2>=0xc0)&&(c2<=0xdf))&&((c1>=0xe0)&&(c1<=0xff))) return (2);
 c1=c2;
 goto m1;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   㭪 set_dir.
   室: ப s     䠩   䠩 (ਬ,
   "c:\work\n.txt").
   室: ⠫,  ஬ 室 䠩, ⠭ ⥪騬;  䠩
   饭  ப name; 頥  襭: 0 - OK, 1 - 訡.
 ========================================================================= */

int set_dir (char *s, char *name)
{
 int a,d,i;
 char path[128];

 /*  ப s    䠩 (path)   䠩 (name). */
 a=strlen(s)-1; /*  ᫥ ᨬ ப. */
 /* ᬠਢ ப    砫,    ᨬ '\',
    ⤥騩   䠩   䠩. */
 while (s[a]!='\\')
 {
  if (a==0) return (1); /*  '\'   - 訡! */
  a--;
 }
 /* 㥬   䠩 (  ᫥ '\')  ப path. */
 for (i=0; i<a; i++) path[i]=s[i];
 path[i]=0;
 /* 㥬  䠩  ப name. */
 for (i=a+1; i<strlen(s); i++)
 {
  if ((i-a-1)==12) return (1); /*   12 ᨬ. */
  name[i-a-1]=s[i];
 }
 name[i-a-1]=0;
 /* 롮 ᪠. */
 if ((path[0]>='A')&&(path[0]<='Z')) d=path[0]-'A';
 if ((path[0]>='a')&&(path[0]<='z')) d=path[0]-'a';
 a=setdisk(d); if (d>=a) return (1); /* ࠭ 騩 . */
 /* 室  㦭 ⠫. */
 a=chdir(path); if (a!=0) return (1);
 return (0);
}

/* ==========================================================================
    㭪権  ࠡ  䠩 (fgetc, fputc, fputs, fopen, set_dir,
   fclose).  訡 뢠 믮 ணࠬ; ⠪ ࠧ, ᫥
   맮  㭪権   ஢, 뫠  訡.
 ========================================================================= */

int fgetc_1 (FILE* f)
{
 int c;
 c=fgetc(f); if ferror(f) {printf ("\n訡 ⥭!\n\n"); exit (1);}
 return (c);
}

void fputc_1 (int c, FILE* f)
{
 if (fputc(c,f)==EOF) {printf ("\n訡 !\n\n"); exit (1);}
}

void fputs_1 (char* s, FILE* f)
{
 if (fputs(s,f)==EOF) {printf ("\n訡 !\n\n"); exit (1);}
}

FILE* fopen_1 (char* name, char* mode)
{
 FILE* f;
 char* s;
 char* s1="⥭";
 char* s2="";

 f=fopen(name,mode);
 if (f==NULL)
 {
  if (mode[0]=='r') s=s1; else s=s2;
  printf ("\n訡  䠩 \"%s\"  %s!\n\n",name,s);
  exit (1);
 }
 return (f);
}

void set_dir_1 (char *s, char *name)
{
 if (set_dir(s,name)==1) {printf ("\n訡    䠩    䠩!\n\n"); exit (1);}
}

void fclose_1 (FILE* f)
{
 if (fclose(f)==EOF) {printf ("\n訡  䠩!\n\n"); exit (1);}
}


  ࠡ⠥?


      ⪮ ᪠,  ணࠬ ࠡ뢠
HTML-㬥 (HTML-䠩).
     ਢ 室 ᢥ  
HTML-㬥.  ⮫쪮   , 
 祭  ࠡ⪥ 㬥; ⠫ 
(    ⢮  ⭮ 㬥)
祭  {...}.

    ͻ
    {...}                                                               
 <head>                                                              
    {...}                                                              
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset={...}">
    {...}                                                             
 </head>                                                            
   <body{...}>                                                        
    {...}                                                             
   </body>                                                            
   {...}                                                              
   ͳͼ
    ப ( ⢮)  ࠧ   ଠ  ஢.
 
  ⥣  ⢮.

    砫 ணࠬ ᬠਢ 䠩,    
 ᫥ ப: "charset=", "<head>"  "<body".  
᪠ ଠ  ⮬, ᪮쪮 業⮢ 䠩 㦥
ᬮ७, ⮡ࠦ  ࠭.  ந 
 ॣ ᨬ, ⠪  ⥣ "head"  "body"  
ᠭ  ய묨, ⠪  묨 㪢.
     १ ᪠   ࠧ : 
 (.. ⨫ ࠭ 㣨) ࢠ,  
 ப,        .  
砨 ᬮ७ ஡.
    1. ᫨  ப "charset=",  ணࠬ ⠥, 
஢  ⮬ 䠩 㦥 㪠. ணࠬ 뢮
ᮮ⢥饥 ᮮ饭,   ⮬ ࠡ⪠ 䠩
稢.
    2. ᫨  ப "<head>",  ⥪   䠩
 (⠪   ᫥ ⥣ "head" 㤥 
室  ଠ  ஢),  ணࠬ
稭  ( ⥪饩 樨)    ப:
"charset="  "</head>". ᫨ ࢮ  ப
"charset=" - , ஢  ⮬ 䠩 㦥 㪠. ᫨ 
ࢮ  ப "</head>",  䠩   ⮣,
  -  ᪮ ப,  ணࠬ ⠥,
 ஢  ⮬ 䠩  㪠,  ३  ।
஢.
    3. ᫨  ப "<body",  ⥪   䠩
 (⠪   । ⥣ "body" 㤥 
室  ଠ  ஢),  ணࠬ
室  । ஢.
    4. ᫨     ப  , ணࠬ 
뢮,  䠩   ४ HTML-㬥⮬. 
ணࠬ 뢮 ᮮ饭 "४ ଠ 䠩",  
⮬ ࠡ⪠ 䠩 稢.
    । ஢ ந室  ,
ᬮ७  砫 ⮩ . 祭 १
("windows-1251", "KOI8-R"  " ᯮ") ⠥ 
࠭.
    ᫨ ஢  ᯮ, ࠡ⪠ 䠩 稢.
 ணࠬ ⠢  䠩  樨,  ࠭,
  ᫥  ப:

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1251">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=KOI8-R">

    ⠢ ப ந ᫥騬 ࠧ: ᭠砫
ࠡ뢠 䠩   ६ 䠩 "$$$$$$$$.tmp",
室騩  ⮬  ⠫, ⥬ ६ 䠩 뢠
 ⥭,  ࠡ뢠 䠩 -  .  ࠡ뢠
䠩   ६ 䠩  砫  樨, 
ன 㤥  ப, ⥬ 뢠 塞
ப   ⮪ 䠩. ᫥ ⮣ ६ 䠩
㤠.


㪮⢮ 짮⥫


      ப 室 㪠   
ࠡ뢠 HTML-䠩,  ᨬ "@"  ࠧ   -
 ⥪⮢ 䠩-ᯨ᪠,  ᮤঠ  ࠡ뢠
HTML-䠩. ᫨ 㪠뢠   ப 䠩 室
 ⥪饬 ⠫,       㪠뢠. 
⨢ 砥   㪠    䠩.
     ਢ ᪮쪮 ਬ஢:

                 charset.exe C:\WORK\doc.htm
                 charset.exe doc.htm
                 charset.exe @C:\WORK\list.txt
                 charset.exe @list.txt

      ப 䠩-ᯨ᪠  室  
ࠡ뢠 HTML-䠩. ᫨  㪠  ᯨ᪥ 䠩
室  ⮬  ⠫,   ᠬ 䠩-ᯨ᮪,   
⨬ 䠩  ᯨ᪥   㪠뢠.  ⨢ 砥 
 䠩  ᯨ᪥   㪠    .
      ப  ᯨ᪥   ॢ 128
ᨬ,   ப   (13,10),  ᫥
ப ᯨ᪠   ப  ⢮.

       ᪮,  室 ࠡ뢠 䠩,
᢮     , 祬  ᠬ
  ࠡ뢠 䠩, 室  ⮬ ᪥.
  ⮬, ,  㦥 㯮 ,  ࠡ⪥ 䠩
ணࠬ ᮧ  ⮬  ⠫ ६ 䠩 ⠪ 
,   ࠡ뢠.   ,  ࠧ
ࠡ뢠 䠩     ଠ樨 
஢:   䠩  㢥  74  68
⮢.
    祬,  ᫨  ࠡ ணࠬ  墠  
᪥, ᮤন ࠡ뢠    䠩  㤥
ﭮ. (஡  ⮬ ᪠뢠 ,  
  訡  䠩 .)

      ࠡ ணࠬ 뢮 ଠ  १
ࠡ⪨  䠩. 룫廊  ਬ୮ ⠪:

C:\WORK\test_1.htm  ஢: KOI8-R.
C:\WORK\test_2.htm  ஢: windows-1251.
C:\WORK\test_3.htm  ஢  ᯮ.
C:\WORK\test_4.htm  ஢ 㦥 㪠.
C:\WORK\test_5.htm  ४ ଠ 䠩.
C:\WORK\test_6.htm  54%

    ᫨ ࠡ뢠  䠩,    , 
१ ࠡ⪨  䠩 (  ࠭  ଠ
 㬥頥),  ᯮ짮 ७ࠢ 뢮 
⥪⮢ 䠩. ਬ, ᫨   ७ࠢ 뢮
ணࠬ  䠩 n.txt,      
ப " > n.txt" ( 祪).
    ᫨ 뢮 ७ࠢ  䠩,  믮 ணࠬ
 ࠭  㤥 ,  䠩   
ࠡ뢠,    ⮫쪮 業  ⥪饣
䠩. 祬, ⮣ 筮, ⮡ ,  ணࠬ 
᫠.

    ணࠬ 頥 樮 ⥬  襭:
0 - ਧ ᯥ譮 襭, 1 - ந諠 訡 
ࠡ  䠩.   ⠪ 訡 믮
ணࠬ ࠧ  뢠   ᮮ⢥饣
ᮮ饭.   ਢ  稭  訡
 ᪠,     .
    ᫨  ᮮ饭  訡   ⥭ 
 ࠡ뢠 䠩 - ,  䠩 , 
 ᯨ᪥ 祬-    䠩 (ਬ, ᫨
 ᮧ ᯨ᪠  Dos Navigator'e  뫨 몫
ࠬ "ᯮ짮   䠩").
    ᫨  ᮮ饭  訡    
 ࠡ뢠 䠩,      ⮬, 
ᮮ⢥騩     (ᮮ⢥⢥, 
 ),   ⮬,   ⮣ 䠩 ⠭ ਡ
"Read only" ("⮫쪮 ⥭").     ਡ.
᫨  ⮬  ⠫   㣨 騥 ࠡ⪥ 䠩,
 ஢   -    ⮦ ⠭ ਡ "Read
only"?   ਡ⮢ 䠩  㯯 祭
䠩  Dos Navigator' 㦨   Alt-F.
    ᫨  ࠡ⪥ HTML-䠩  ᮮ饭 "訡
 䠩 "$$$$$$$$.tmp"  ⥭" - ᪮॥ ᥣ, 
᪥,  室 ࠡ뢠 䠩,  墠⨫  
ᮧ ६ 䠩 "$$$$$$$$.tmp", ⮬ ணࠬ 
   . ஡ 㢥 ⢮ ᢮
  ᪥  ୮  ணࠬ.
    ᫨  ᮮ饭  訡   ࠡ뢠
䠩   訡  ⨨ ⮣ 䠩 - ,  ᪥
 墠⨫ , ⮡ ⨫ ࠡ⠭ 䠩,  
  㤠.   ᯮ, ࢮ砫쭮 ᮤন
⮣ 䠩  ய, ⠪  ணࠬ ᭠砫  
 ६ 䠩 "$$$$$$$$.tmp", 室騩  ⮬  ⠫.
 ࠧ,  ⠭ 室 䠩  㤠
室 䠩,  ⮬ ᢮   ६ 䠩.
    ᫨ ணࠬ ࠡ뢠  ᯨ᮪ 䠩,  訡
  ࠡ⪥ - 䠩  । ᯨ᪠, 
᫥ ࠭ 稭 訡  易⥫쭮  த
ࠡ⪨ 䠩 㤠  ᯨ᪠  㦥 ࠡ⠭
䠩.   ணࠬ,   ᯨ᮪,  ⮬
 㦥 ࠡ⠭ 䠩 ணࠬ  㦨,  
 㦥  ਡ "charset",    .


 ᯨ᪠ 䠩


     ᮧ ᯨ᪠ ࠡ뢠 HTML-䠩 
ᯮ짮  DIR, ७ࠢ  뢮  䠩 ( 
   믮   Windows,   ⮬ DOS,
  祭 ᯨ᪥    䠩, 
뢠  ⮩  ணࠬ  ࠡ⠥  묨
).
    ਬ, ᫨    䠩 C:\list.txt ᯨ᮪
 䠩  ७ htm, 室  ⠫ C:\WORK
  ⠫,   ⠪ :

              dir c:\work\*.htm /s /b >c:\list.txt

     㤮 ᯮᮡ ᮧ ᯨ᪠ -   DOS
Navigator' ( ᯮ DN OSP 2.7.0 - www.dnosp.ru). 砥
㦭 䠩,  Alt-W,   " ᯨ᮪
䠩".  ⮬     ࠬ "࠭
  䠩  ᯨ᪥"  몫祭 ࠬ "ᯮ짮
  䠩". 뢠  䠩-ᯨ᪠, 
Enter  砥 ॡ㥬 १.
    ᫨   ᯨ᮪  䠩, 㤮⢮
। ᫮,  ᭠砫 ᯮ㥬 㭪 "
䠩". , ਬ,   ᯨ᮪  䠩 
७ﬨ htm, html  shtml, 室  ⠫ C:\TEST
  ⠫. 室  ⠫ C:\TEST   Alt-F7
(" 䠩"). ஢塞, ⮡ 뫠 祭 
"ᨢ " (⮡  ந   ⠫).
 ⢥  ᪠ 롨ࠥ "騩 ⠫".  ப
"᪠ 䠩" 㪠뢠 "*.htm;*.html;*.shtml" ( 祪).
᫥ 砭 ᪠ 砥  䠩 (᫨  
䠩  祭,    ᯮᮡ ⪨  䠩
  -  "*"  ஢ )   Alt-W,
⮡ ३  ᮧ ᯨ᪠ 祭 䠩.





1. .騭. "⮬᪮ । ஢ ⥪".
   ".  " 10/2001.

2. .騭. "⮬᪮ । ஢ ⥪ - 2".
   ".  " 5,6/2002, 6/2004.




    㣨    ᮧ / ࠡ⪥
HTML-㬥⮢:

1. "८ࠧ ᥢ᪨ ⠡  ଠ HTML".
   ".  " 5-7/2003.

2. ⮬᪮ ⠢ ࠧ஢ 䠩 
   HTML-㬥. ".  " 11/2004.
