(c)  騭, ᪢

ZXNet : 500:95/462.53
E-mail: bestview@mtu-net.ru
WWW   : http://www.ivr.da.ru


          ᮡ 몠쭮 ᮯ
         

("⥫.  " 11/2000,  ᥢ
 BV_Creator)
 ᫥ ।஢: 26.04.2003.


室 ᭥


      ᠭ  ᭮ ਠ, ࠭ 
  ७ ZX.SPECTRUM,   ᭮ ᫥ 
⨬ 㦤,   ਭ﫨 ⨥ Vadik Akimoff, Roman
Panteleyev  Ilya Vinogradov.    ! 
ᯠᨡ  ⠥,    ਮ
몠 ᮯ AY  ᯥ稫   Fido  Internet.
    ਢ   ᢥ 뫨 ஢७   
 ᮯ஢ YM2149F (Yamaha, Japan) 1990  1992
 ᪠   ᮯ AY38910A/P (Microchip, Taiwan).


 ஬  ᫮ 㪮  


      몠쭮 । "Pro Tracker 3",
 㦨 ⠪ . ⨬,    ⮨
- ,   ⠢ ⠪    㣮 , ⮡
१ ஬ 㪠 ᫠:

            00......A-4 1F.FA-4 1F.F--- ....
            01......--- ....--- ....--- ....
            02......--- ....--- ....--- ....

     , ᫨ ᪮쪮 ࠧ  ந ⮪
ୠ, ᮤঠ騩  ,  ஬ 㤥 
,   - , 㬥  ࠢ 
஬  ,   ⥪  祣  﫮.
 䥪 ⥭  ⮫쪮  砥,   㪮
 ᮢ,     ⥫쭮 ⫨
(⥫  ࠧ  1-2).
    ᭨  䠪  ⠪.  㪠   
। ᮮ⢥騬 ஬ ⮭.   
ᮯ  ⠪,     ꥤ
(  ᢥ,  ⠪     ଥ
Sinclair ZX Spectrum +2A). , ,   ,
砥  १ ᫮   . ᫨
᪫뢠    ,  १ 㤥
  ࠧ 䠧  .     
ᨫ, ⠪  ᫠, , 祢,  ந室:


  A                   A                   A
                                           Ŀ   Ŀ
                    +                   =           
   Ŀ   Ŀ        Ŀ   Ŀ                 
                                              
   >   >   >
                   t                    t                    t

    )     䠧 -  ᨫ.


  A                   A                   A
                                           
                    +                   =  
   Ŀ   Ŀ           Ŀ   Ŀ    Ŀ
                                                   
   >   >   >
                   t                    t                    t

    )    ⨢䠧 -  祧.


  A                   A                   A
                                            Ŀ     Ŀ
                    +                   =          
   Ŀ   Ŀ         Ŀ   Ŀ       Ŀ  Ŀ
                                               
   >   >   >
                   t                    t                    t

    ) ஬筠 ࠧ 䠧 -   ஬,
       ⠪  ⥬ 㪠.


    쭮  "" 砩 "" ( ᨫ) 
"" 砩 "" ( ᨫ쭮 ᫠,    
ᮢᥬ). 㣨 砥 ( ஬筮 ஬) 
. ⥫쭮,  ஢ ⮭, ࠡ 
 , 䠧   ᮢ,    (
⮫쪮 ) ࠧ ࠧ 䠧.    뫮 
  ᨣ  室 ᮯ  㧭 
祭 ࠧ 䠧   砥 -  ,  ᬮ
ᤥ -  ⥫?  ᨣ   
  樫,    , 񭭮 
室 ᮯ ( ⮬ ᯥ樠쭠 ணࠬ, 
㤭  ᠬ,  訢   ந 䨪
 ࠭).
    뫮 ।  ⮬,  ࠧ 䠧  -
⮣,   ⠭      ⠭
  㣮  室 ஥ ६. ᫨  ⠪,
  㬥襭  㪠  㬥  ࠧ
䠧,  ஬⮪  ⠭     㣮
 ᮯ  ﭭ,  ਮ 
  㬥襭 .      ⢥न.
     ᥣ ᪠ ᫥ 祢 뢮: ᫨ 
ᮯ ꥤ,  뢮 㪨  
⮩ ࠧ      -   ⮬
᪠ ஬. ᫨   ८砭, , 筮,
 뢮 ⠪ 㪨 ६  ࠢ   
(ਬ, 㬥蠥  㪠    
㢥稢  㣮 - ⥫ ,  筨 㪠
६頥). , -,  猪 奬 祭
ᮯ ᯥ稢 襥 ࠧ , ,
-,  㪠   ᮢ 䠧  ࠢ
㤥 ⭮.  ⮬ , ᫨     ⮫쪮 
ᥡ,   ,   ࠧ 奬 祭
ᮯ,  ᮢᥬ  易⥫쭮,  ࠢ   
 ⥫  ⥬  ᠬ묨,    .
    -,  "on interrupt"-, .. 
몠 ᮯ ணࠬ 50 ࠧ  ᥪ㭤, 
 ࠧ 䠧 祣  . ८
஡     "஢ 㪠",  ணࠬ
।⢥ ⠭ ஢ ᨣ  室
ᮯ    ६,  ᯮ짮
஢ ⮭ (.. ᮯ ࠡ⠥  ० ). 
, - ᬮ  ᭮  ⮬ ਭ樯
ந뢠⥫ "on interrupt"-모?
     ,   ⮩ ஡    ࠧ
 ZX Spectrum   AY.  ,  ⠬
ࠧ 䠧   ( , 몠  , 祬
 ॠ쭮 ZX Spectrum!).  ᠫ  ᯥ㬮᪨
몠 EA/Antares, " ணࠬ 㫨஢ 奬
   ".
       ६,  㪮  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮 饩
 ⮫쪮 㬠   㫨஢ ஬,
   ,     ࠧ.   ⮬, 
 ⮭  ᮯ - ᢮   , 
 饩  㬠   ⢥
, ⠪    ᯮ짮 ࠧ 䠧 
㤠 .

  A                   A                   A
                                             Ŀ   Ŀ   
                    +                   =            
     Ŀ   Ŀ         Ŀ   Ŀ            
                                
   >   >   >
                   t                    t                    t

      ।⠢   業, ᫨
,  ஬ 㪮, 祭  ᯮ짮
饩, -㣮 ࠢ .


஭ ਧ㪨    㪠


      䥪  㦥 -⠪  祭
⥩ । "Pro Tracker". ⠭  ⮬ ।
 ⠡ "SOUNDTRACKER"  ᮧ ⠪ :

           Ŀ
                      EDIT SAMPLE 01               
            00 000 -0004 00 T-E  F 
            01 000 -0003 00 T-E  F 

     ஡㥬,  㤥   B-4 ( "M").
ࠢ  砭  砭 㣨 .  , 蠫?
      㤠 ᭨,  ந뢠 ⮩ 
ᮯ 񤭮 뢮   ⮩, ᮮ⢥饩
樥  #0100 ( -  #0100)   #00FF.
  ﬨ  㪠 室 1/50 ᥪ㭤.
     ।񭭮 ਬ,   뢮   B.
樥    ⮣   
ॣ R2 (訩 )  R3 (訩 ).  
饭  ॣࠬ ᮯ ந室  ।,  Pro
Tracker ᭠砫  ॣ R2,  ⮬ R3,  
祭 #00FF  #0100 ந室  :

                    R3  R2

                    00  FF   ;砫쭮 祭 - #00FF.
                    00  00   ; R2 - 稫 #0000.
                    01  00   ; R3 - 稫 #0100.

    ⭮ :

                    R3  R2

                    01  00   ;砫쭮 祭 - #0100.
                    01  FF   ; R2 - 稫 #01FF.
                    00  FF   ; R3 - 稫 #00FF.

    ,   ।  ६ 祭 ⥫
 뢠 ࠢ #0000  #01FF,  - ࠧ 
ਢ   ஭ ਧ㪮.
     ஡  祭 ॣ஢  㣮 浪,
ᠢ  ணࠬ  ᥬ. ,  
३  㪠 #00FF  #0100,   ॣ R3, 
  ३  #0100  #00FF,   ॣ
R2:

                         ᮡ 1
                         

              R3  R2

              00  FF   ;砫쭮 祭 - #00FF.
              01  FF   ; R3 - 稫 #01FF.
              01  00   ; R2 - 稫 #0100.

              01  00   ;砫쭮 祭 - #0100.
              01  FF   ; R2 - 稫 #01FF.
              00  FF   ; R3 - 稫 #00FF.

     ⮬ ஭ 祭 ⥫  - ⮫쪮
#01FF,    ⮣  訫.  ⥯
,   ३  㪠 #00FF  #0100, 
 ॣ R2,    ३  #0100  #00FF,
  ॣ R3:

                         ᮡ 2
                         

              R3  R2

              00  FF   ;砫쭮 祭 - #00FF.
              00  00   ; R2 - 稫 #0000.
              01  00   ; R3 - 稫 #0100.

              01  00   ;砫쭮 祭 - #0100.
              00  00   ; R3 - 稫 #0000.
              00  FF   ; R2 - 稫 #00FF.

    ஭ 祭 ⥫   ⮬ 砥 ࠢ
#0000,  砭  ⠫ .   ஡ 
뢮  ⮭  ६  R2  R3,  ⮬ -
ࠧ.  ⮣ ᯮ ॣ R7 (). 
  ⮣ ॣ ࠢ 뢮  ⮭ 
 A, B  C (0 - 뢮 ࠧ, 1 - ),  
  筮 ࠢ 뢮 㬠.

                         ᮡ 3
                         

          R7      R3  R2

       %00111000  00  FF   ;砫쭮 祭 - #00FF.
       %00111010  00  FF   ;⨫ 뢮  ⮭.
       %00111010  00  00   ; R2 - 稫 #0000.
       %00111010  01  00   ; R3 - 稫 #0100.
       %00111000  01  00   ;訫 뢮  ⮭.

      ⮬  - ᪨,  ⮦
⭮,   , 祬  ।饬 砥.  
஡ ᤥ ⠪: ⠭   A 祭 ⥫
 #0100,   B - #00FF,  ⥬ ४ 
, ࠢ ஬.    ⮬ ६
ࠧ蠥 뢮  ⮭     頥 
㣮,     ...

                         ᮡ 4
                         

       R7      R3  R2  R1  R0

    %00111001  00  FF  01  00   ;A - , B - ࠧ.
    %00111010  00  FF  01  00   ;A - ࠧ, B - .

    ,  , ⮫쪮 訫. ⠪,    
ᬮ७ ᯮᮡ ஡   㤠.
    ஡㥬 ࠧ  ஡.   ? 
। 㪮 #00FF  #0100 ⠭  ஭
ਧ㪨 (  室). 祢, ⢥ ஫
 ⮬ ࠥ  䠪,  #00FF  #0100 ࠧ  訬,
 訬 ⮬,  , ⥫   室 
 㪠  㣮 ਮ⠥ ஭ 祭 (#0000
 #01FF).  ᫨ । 㪨,  ࠧ  
  ( ਬ, #00FE  #00FF),  ਧ㪮 
.
     饭:  ।  㪮,  
⥫  ࠧ  訬,  訬 ⮬, 
 ஭ ਧ㪨.  १ ᯥਬ 
। ⢥ত.   ᠬ  ஢  
 㪮 #01FF  #0200, #02FF  #0300, ..., #0EFF  #0F00
(祭 ⥫  ࠭祭 ᫮ #0FFF).
 㢥祭 祭 ਧ㪨 ⠭  , 
ᮢᥬ  ய.    ।㥬묨 祭ﬨ
 易⥫쭮   筮 - ਧ㪨   
। 㪮 #00FE  #0101.
    襭 ᭮,   ᮪頥  ᯮ짮
몠쭮 ᮯ. 몠   ⮬ ⭮
 -   ᯮ    । 㪮
 ᢮ ந!
     । 㪮,   ⥫ 
ࠧ  訬,  訬 ⮬, ⥫  㤥
ਮ ஭ 祭. ⭮,   ந室
⮬,     祭 ࠧ 
ॣ஢ ᮯ.  ᫨   뫮 ,  
஭ ਧ㪮  뫮 ...
    㬥,  뫮   ⪠  ᯮ짮
 ⮭,  ⮬  ஡, 易  ⠭
祭 ⥫   ⮣ , ⯠  ᠬ
ᮡ. ᯮ㥬 ஢  -  ! ⢮ - 쭮!
  ⮫쪮  ॡ ᮫⭮  ᮢ Z80,  
ᮢ襭  ࠨ.
      , 㤥 ࠧ . -,  
   祭 ⪮ ६ ஭ ⥫
  - ﭨ  ? -   ,
 ,   !  ᬮਬ,   ⮬  
⥮...
     ⮭  몠쭮 ᮯ ࠡ⠥ 쭮
:  稪, 祭 ண ᫥⥫쭮
㬥蠥,   ⮫쪮  㬥  , ஢
ᨣ  室 ,   稪 㦠 祭 
ॣ஢ ⥫ .  ࠧ, ନ
אַ㣮 :

       A 
         
         Ŀ    Ŀ    Ŀ    Ŀ    
                                         
                                         
                                         
         >
                                                     t

     ⮣ ᫥,    稪  0, 
ॣ஢ ⥫    뢠 ﭨ  .
  ᫨ 稪 㫨   ,   ॣ
⥫  室 ஭ 祭,  ᮬ
 ﭨ  . ஡㥬  ⭮ ⮣
ᮡ.
     祭 ⥫    #0100  #00FF,
஬⮪   ॣ஢ ⥫  ࠢ
50 ⠪⮢ Z80 (  祭 ⮣ ஬⪠ ⥫
 㤥 ਭ ஭ 祭 #01FF), ⠪⮢
 Z80 ࠢ 3,5 ,  ⠪⮢  ᮯ ࠢ
1,75 .
     ⥫  ࠢ #0100,  ⮭ ନ
  ᫥饩 ⮩:

                 (1750000/16)/256 = 427,2 .

    稪  ⮭, ᮮ⢥⢥, १㦠
 ,  ⮩ 854,4 . ⠥, ᪮쪮 ⠪⮢ Z80
室   १㧪 稪:

                    3500000/854,4 = 4096.

     ⭮ ⮣,  १㧪 稪 ந
  ,  ⥫  㤥 ࠢ #01FF, ࠢ:

                      50/4096 = 0,012.

     , ⭮ ⮣,   ⮭ ᤥ 
  㯥ਮ  ஭ ⮩, 祭  - 
 1%.  ஭ ਧ㪨  訬  ⭮ 100%!
-   ⠪.  , 稪  १㦠
ࠧ     祭  ॣ ⥫ ?
    ᫨  ⠪,  ஭ ਧ㪮 ⠭
. ᬮਬ  ᨣ  ६  ⥫
  #0100  #00FF:

        A 
          
          Ŀ    ĿĿ    Ŀ    Ŀ
                                        
                                        
                                        
          >
                       xy                           t

    砫 ⥫   ࠢ #0100 -   R3=#01,
R2=#00.     ॣ R2  室 
᮪ ஢ ᨣ,     䨪.  窥 x
 R2 뢠 #FF - ⥫  ਭ ஭
祭 #01FF, 稪  १㦠, ஢ ᨣ
  ᮪  .  窥 y  R3 뢠 #00 -
⥫  ⠫ ࠢ #00FF, 稪 
१㦠, ஢ ᨣ     ᮪.
-   ९ ஢ ᨣ  祭 
஬⪮  , -,   ਧ㪨.
       뫮  ஢, ⢨⥫쭮  
室 ᮯ 砥 ᨣ  ⠪ , 
 䨪.   ᤥ -㣮: ᯮ "஢
", ஡ ந ࠦ  䨪 ᨣ 
業  砭.   ᫥ , 砭
 ⠪ ,    ᯮ짮  ⮭, 
⠪  ஭ ਧ㪠.  ⮣  ᤥ 뢮,
  祭, ᬮ७  ਬ, 稪 
१㦠 ࠧ     祭  ॣ
⥫ .
    , 㤭 ஢  ,  稪 
饩 ⮦ १㦠 ࠧ   ⠭ 
⥫  饩 (   ॣ R11  R12).
 ᯮᮡ ஢ન: ᫨   ॣ  饩
(R13) 祭 %1000 (⥯ 㬥襭 ஢ ᨣ 
15  0   ਮ 饩),   ॣ R11, R12
 #FFFF (⮡ ਮ 饩  ᨬ), 
室 ᮯ 㤥  :

                    A 
                      \    \    \
                       \    \    \
                        \    \    \
                         \    \    \
                          \    \    \
                      >
                      <T>           t

     饩: F = (1750000/256)/#FFFF = 0,1043 .
    ਮ 饩:  T = 1/F = 9,59 .

    .. 稪  饩 १㦠 
9,59/16 = 0,6 ᥪ㭤 (  ᮯ AY,   YM 稪
㤥 १㦠  : ⠬ ନ 32 㯥쪨
饩  16). ᫨ ,  稪 १㦠,
⮫쪮   㬥  ,  ਤ ਧ, 
   﫮 祭 ॣ஢ R11, R12, 砭
 ⮫쪮 १ 0,6 ᥪ㭤 -   ஢
ᯥਬ 砭 﫮 !
    ᨬ쭮 祭 ⥫  뫮 ࠭ ⮬,
  ⠪ 祭 ६ 㫥 稪 ⮦
ᨬ쭮,    㢥७ ⫨   
  -  砭  ,  
  ᫥ 㫥 稪.   祭
⥫  ᯥਬ  ஢.
     ࠧ  ZX Spectrum   AY,
᪮쪮  ⭮, १㧪 稪 ந室 
  㫥, ⮬ ந  ⫨砥 
㪠 ॠ쭮 ᮯ (ਬ,  ᬥ ⥫
  #0100  #00FF ஭ ਧ㪮 譮  㤥).
 뫮  ᪠,   ஬ ᮯ 
 饣 -  ⮫쪮   ⮣ ,  
 㤥   ᪫⥫쭮  訢 
஬.    ஭ 筮 樨 祢:
,  㤥    ஬,  
⠪   㪮,   ॠ쭮 ᮯ
 ந  ஭ ਧ㪠.


। ⨯ 몠쭮 ᮯ


     쬮  ஭  "KrNews"  ⠫, 
 ணࠬ  ࠧ ⨯ ᯮ㥬
ᮯ - AY  YM,   ⠪ ஢ઠ 뫠  demo
"Action". ࠢ, ᯮᮡ ।  ⮩  
뢠.   祭 㪠 demo  㦨
᫥騩 ࠣ :

         #8021: LD   BC,#FFFD
                LD   A,0
                OUT  (C),A     ;⠭ R0.
                LD   B,#BF
                LD   A,#40     ;ᠫ #40  R0.
                OUT  (C),A
                LD   B,#FF
                IN   A,(C)     ;⠥  R0.
                CP   #40       ;⠫ ,  ᠫ?
                JR   Z,#803B   ; -> ᮯ .

                LD   HL,#84FA  ; ᮮ饭 "NO".
                JR   #804E     ;室  楤 
                               ;ᮮ饭.
         #803B: LD   BC,#FFFD
                LD   A,#10
                OUT  (C),A     ;⠭ "㬥஢"
                               ;ॣ R16.
                IN   A,(C)     ;⠥  .
                CP   #FF       ;ࠢ  #FF.
                LD   HL,#84E6  ; ᮮ饭 "AY-8910/12".
                JR   NZ,#804E  ; #FF -> 뢮  ᮮ饭.

                LD   HL,#84F0  ; ᮮ饭 "YM2149F".

         #804E: ............   ;楤  ᮮ饭.

     ࠧ, ᫨   ᮤন
"㬥஢ ॣ",   YM ᥣ 㤥 
#FF.   AY,   ᭨  ᯥਬ, ⠥ 
ॣ (  ਬ - ᫮ #10).
    ᫨ ᮯ  ⠪,   ॣ 㯭
 ⥭,   ⢨ ᮯ.



    㣨    AY-몥:

1. "ࠢ쭮   饩  Pro Tracker 3".
   "⥫.  " 10,11/2000.

2. "⭠ ⠡  㫥 譮". "⥫.
    " 6/2001, ".  " 7,8/2001
   ( ᥢ BV_Creator).

3. "⨬  ਬ intro 'Start'". ". 
   " 7-10/2001.
       ( ⮩    ᢥ  ணࠬ஢
   ந뢠 모.)

4. "襭 ⥯ ᦠ 몠 㫥". ".
    " 7/2002.

5. "஥ ⠡ ஬   Pro Tracker 3".
   ".  " 4/2004.
