(c)  騭, ᪢

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            ⭠ ⠡  㫥 譮
            

("⥫.  " 6/2001, ". 
" 7,8/2001 ( ᥢ BV_Creator))
 ᫥ ।஢: 14.02.2003.

                                   몠 -  ᮧ⥫쭮
                                   ࠦ   䬥⨪.
                                                       .

  


     뫮 祭,  , 室騥  ᮡ
  ᫮ ᮮ⭮襭,    .
᭮뢠  ⮬, ॢ 몠 ࠨ ᢮
㬥 ⠪, ⮡ ᮮ⭮襭 㪮  ⠢ ।⠢﫨
ᮡ ᮮ⭮襭  楫 ᥫ (. 1). 㤥 뢠
⠪ 㪮 த.

   1/2Ŀ
                                                   
         5/6Ŀ             4/5Ĵ
                                                
ͻ-----------
  A     B     C     D     E     F     G     A   |  B   |
                                                |      |
                         ᮫     |    |
ͼ----------
                                                   
   8/915/168/9 9/1015/168/99/10      
                                                       
   5/64/55/64/5

                            . 1

     㬥, ஥  ᮮ⢥⢨  த
㪮冷,  뫮  , ᪠,  ⮭ 
 .    㣮 ⮭쭮   뫮
७ࠨ. ⮡ - ८  㤮⢮, 
⠢   ⥫ 㪮 - ⠬,  ࢠ
 ᭮묨 㪠 ࠢ 楫 ⮭ (8/9  9/10). 
    訫 ஡:    ⮭쭮  
 뫮 室   .
     VI-V .  ..  襭 ⮩   䠣
(   ⮫쪮 ,   騬 몠⮬). 
    ᥬ   ⠢  筮 ⠢
 ⥫ 㪮,  ᯥ稫 몠⠬
 室  ⮭쭮  ⮭쭮 ࠧ
᢮.  -⠪  室 ७ன
㬥⮢ ⠢.
      XVII  﫠  ଠ 몠쭮
: 檨 ࣠ ॠ બ । ᤥ
ᮮ⭮襭  ⠬ ᥤ 㪮 묨 
ࠢ묨 2^(1/12).   ஭,  뫮  
⥫ 襭 ஡ 室  ⮭쭮 
⮭쭮  ७ன 㬥.  㣮 ஭,
᫥ ⮩   ⠢  ⠫   楫᫥
ᮮ⭮襭 -    䠫訢. ⮬ 
몠⮢ 砫 ⨫ । બ.  
 殢 ᮮࠦ 㤮⢠ ॢᨫ,  ⠪ 㪮
(뢠 ⥬஢) ᯮ   ᥩ .


  ᥣ譨


    ᫥ ⥭ બ஬ ᢮ 㪮鸞 諮
  ⮫,     ⥫, 
 , ⨫ ᢮  ZX Spectrum 128 
몠 ᮯ஬.
      室      ᮯ
஢ ⮭ 砥   ⠪⮢   16
 ᫥饣   楫 ᫮   1-4095. 
᫮ 뢠 樥⮬ .
     ਢ , 뢠騥 ⠪⮢ 
ᮯ (CLK), 樥  (k)    室
(F).  ,  ᫨     稭
  㣨, 祭  .

                    F = CLK/(16k)        (*)

                 k = [CLK/(16F)+0.5]     (**)

                     CLK = 16Fk          (***)

      몠 ।  ZX Spectrum,  
 (Sound Tracker, ASC Sound Master, Pro Tracker, Pro Sound
Creator  .) ᯮ ⥬஢ 㪮. ࠧ ,
 ந - ᫥,  ᪠,  
㪮 ந ᮯ஬   ।񭭮
譮. ⢨⥫쭮, ⭮襭   
ᥤ 㪮   - 2^(1/12) - ᫮ 樮쭮,  
।    ।⠢   ⭮ 
楫 ᥫ.    ६   , ନ஢
ᮯ஬,  ⭮      楫
᫠:   (*) ।⢥ ᫥,  F1/F2=k2/k1.
    譮  㬥, 㢥稢 ⠪⮢ 
ᮯ [4],      ਭ樯쭮
.
     ⥬஢ 㪮拉  ⠪   
䠫訢,      譮 ᪫뢠 
譮  ॠ樨  ᮯ (⠡. 1), १
  㤮⢮  ᪠⥫쭮 ⥫.

Ŀ
                           ,                        
      Ĵ
                                 襥 ਡ 
       ࠫ  ஢   ⥬஢    
        㪮       㪮      㪮  AY (YM) 
                                      CLK=1,75       
Ĵ
 A-1      440,0          440,0               439,3         
Ĵ
 B-1      495,0          493,9               494,9         
Ĵ
 C-2      528,0          523,3               523,3         
Ĵ
 D-2      594,0          587,3               588,0         
Ĵ
 E-2      660,0          659,3               658,9         
Ĵ
 F-2      704,0          698,5               696,7         
Ĵ
 G-2      792,0          784,0               781,3         
Ĵ
 A-2      880,0          880,0               882,1         


                            . 1


஡ 砥  襭


      , ନ஢ ᮯ஬, ⭮
    楫 ᫠.     ࠧ ,  㦭
 ॠ樨 த 㪮鸞!
    ᬮਬ  . 1 , 뢠,   樥⮬
  ⮩  室 ᮯ  ⭠
ᨬ, 믨襬 ᮮ⭮襭 樥⮢   
 ""  ⠢  "" ᫥饩 ⠢:

                  k(a)/k(b) = 9/8,       (1)
                  k(b)/k(c) = 16/15,     (2)
                  k(c)/k(d) = 9/8,       (3)
                  k(d)/k(e) = 10/9,      (4)
                  k(e)/k(f) = 16/15,     (5)
                  k(f)/k(g) = 9/8,       (6)
                  k(g)/k(a') = 10/9.     (7)

    ஡㥬    樥⮢ k(a),
k(b), ..., k(g),  㤮⢮  ⨬ ᮮ⭮襭.
    樥,   ,   楫묨. ⮡
믮﫮 ࠢ⢮ (1),  k(a)=9, k(b)=8.  (2)
᫥,  k(b)    16.  砫
祭   樥⮢,    ᮮ⭮襭
 : k(a)=18, k(b)=16.  k(c)=15.  k(c) 
  9 - ⮣ ॡ ᫮ (3). ந 樥:
k(a)=54, k(b)=48, k(c)=45.  k(d)=45*8/9=40.  ࠢ⢠
(4) 砥 k(e)=40*9/10=36.  (5) ᫥,  k(e) 
  16.  ⮣ 㬭 樥  :
k(a)=216, k(b)=192, k(c)=180, k(d)=160, k(e)=144.  k(f)=
144*15/16=135.  , , k(g)=135*9/10=120.
    ⠪, ॡ㥬  樥⮢  祭: 216,
192,180,160,144,135,120.  樥, k(a), ᮮ⢥
 "" -   ࠭ ⠫ ࢮ ⮩ ⠢. 
㪢 祭  (A,B,C,D,E,F,G)  ࠭ 
 . ࠭  ⠫  - "" ࢮ ⠢ (440
).  ਭ 稭 ⠢   "".  ᮮ⢥⢨
 ⨬ ।⠢  樥⮢ ⠪, ⮡  稭 
k(c),  k(a)  k(b) ࠧ    ६⨬  : 180,
160,144,135,120,108,96.
        訩,  । 樥
 ᠬ ᮪ ⠢,  㤥   ᪠.
  樥,  稬 祭, ᮮ⢥騥
  ⠢. ⨢, ᫥⥫쭮    ,
 稬 祭, ᮮ⢥騥  ᮪ ⠢, - 
 ࠧ,    㤥 ந 楫, 㤥
 譮.
    ந 襮ᠭ ⢨, 뢠, 
樥   室  ।  1-4095.
㣫 騥   ஡ 祭 
襣 楫 ᫠   㤥, ⮡  
譮. ᫥ 祭 ᢥ  ⠡.

       Ĵ
                                3840  3456  3072 
       Ĵ
        2880  2560  2304  2160  1920  1728  1536 
       Ĵ
        1440  1280  1152  1080  960   864   768  
       Ĵ
        720   640   576   540   480   432   384  
       Ĵ
        360   320   288   270   240   216   192  
       ͻ
        180   160   144   135   120   108    96  
       ͼ
         90    80    72   67,5   60    54    48  
       Ĵ
         45    40    36  33,75   30    27    24  
       Ĵ
        22,5   20    18  16,875  15   13,5   12  
       Ĵ
       11,25   10    9   8,4375 7,5   6,75   6   
       Ĵ
       5,625   5    4,5  4,2188 3,75 3,375   3   
       Ĵ
       2,8125 2,5   2,25 2,10941,875 1,6875 1,5  
       Ĵ
       1,4063 1,25 1,125 1,0547                  
       Ĵ

                            . 2

    , 뢠,  樥   楫묨,
믮 㣫. 㣫 祭 ⨬ 客.
 ⬥⨬ ᨬ "" 祭,  16 (祬 
㦭,    쭥襬).

       Ŀ
         C     D     E     F      G     A     B  
       Ĵ
                               3840 3456 3072 
       Ĵ
       2880 2560 2304 2160 1920 1728 1536 
       Ĵ
       1440 1280 1152  1080 960  864  768  
       Ĵ
       720  640  576   540  480  432  384  
       Ĵ
        360  320  288   270  240   216  192  
       Ĵ
        180  160  144   135   120   108   96  
       Ĵ
         90   80    72  68  60    54   48  
       Ĵ
         45    40    36  34  30    27    24  
       Ĵ
       23  20    18  17  15  14  12  
       Ĵ
       11  10    9   887  6   
       Ĵ
       6  5   5443  3   
       Ĵ
       3322222
       Ĵ
       1111                  
       

                            . 3

      ᪠,    ⠡?  ᮤন 84
祭 樥⮢, ᮮ⢥騥 84 ⠬.  11 
⠢   . 59   ᮫⭮ 筮, 
⠢訥 25 - 䠫訢.  砫 ⠡  뢭
⮪  41 ,   譮⥩.   
⠢ - ⠪  筮  ந뢠
⥫쭮  몠 ந.
    祬  ⬥砫  ⠡ 祭,  16? ᯮ,
 ᮯ  ନ஢ 㪨  ⮫쪮  
஢ ⮭,      饩. 
⮭   ⥫  ⮭,   饩,
ᮮ⢥⢥,  ⥫  饩.   ⮬,
  ࠡ  饩 ⠪⮢  砫
   16,   256.  ,  饩
ॣ㫨  㡮,   ⮭. - ⮣
㪨, 砥    饩, 筮
쭮 ᨫ쭮 䠫訢,  몠   ᯮ짮.
 , ⬥祭  祭 ᮮ⢥ 㪠, 
  祭    饩 
- 譮!  㤭 , 祭
⥫ 饩   ந 㤥 ஢  16 ࠧ
, 祬 祭  ⠡.    饩
   㪨     ⠢,  
 ࠭ 訬,  祭 ⥫ 饩
 室   1-65535.

    । ⥯  ⠪⮢ ⮩ ᮯ. 
㤭 ᫨, ,    "" ࢮ ⠢
ࠢ 440 ,  樥 , ᮮ⢥騩 ⮩
,  ᯮ  (***).
    ,  ⠢   ⠪ 浪 (᭨ ):
㡪ப⠢, ப⠢, , , ࢠ, ,
, ⢥  . ࢠ ⠢,  
㯮ॡ⥫쭮, 室 ਬ୮  । 㪮鸞.
      ⠡ 室 樥, ᮮ⢥騩 
"" ࢮ ⠢? 祢,  ⮫ "A" -  ⠪
㪢 祭 ⮩ .     ப? ப
   ᠬ, 㪮 ⥬, ⮡ ᯮ㥬 
     祭  㫥 譮.
     ਬ ⠥ ⠪⮢  ᮯ, ᫨
ࢮ ⠢ ᮮ⢥  ᢥ ப ⠡:

                 CLK = 16*440*216 = 1520640 .

    ᫨   ࠫ  ,   ப ᢥ, 
祭 CLK 뫮   .  ᫨  ப ᢥ,
  .
     ⮩ ⠪⮢   ᬮ   ⮬ 
   . ⮡   㣨 ⮭쭮, ⠪⮢
 ਤ .
    ᫨  ⨬   ந  ,
稭   㪠 ⠢ ( , ᮡ⢥,  ⠫
ॢ 몠),  ᫨   祭 ⠪⮢
 1520640 ,    ⠪  :

           Ŀ
            쭮          CLK,          
           Ĵ
                                  1520640 
                    1520640*9/8 = 1710720 
                   1710720*10/9 = 1900800 
                  1900800*16/15 = 2027520 
            ᮫      2027520*9/8 = 2280960 
                   2280960*10/9 = 2534400 
                    2534400*9/8 = 2851200 
           Ĵ
                                  1520640޳
                    1520640*9/8 = 1710720޳
                  1710720*16/15 = 1824768 
                    1824768*9/8 = 2052864 
                   2052864*10/9 = 2280960޳
                  2280960*16/15 = 2433024 
            ᮫      2433024*9/8 = 2737152 
           

                            . 4

    ⮣  ࠧ , ⠪   祭
  ⠡  ( 祭 ᨬ ""). 
⮣, ⮡  뫮 ᬥ    㫥
譮  ⠢   , ࠨ 
 , ॡ   訥  
訥 祭.
    ᫨ ॡ ᯮ ந   
 ⮭쭮 -    
 - ,  ⨬쭮 㤥 ᤥ ⠪,
⮡   ᫥饩 ⮭쭮 ⠪⮢  뫠
 2^(1/12) ࠧ , 祬  ।饩.  ⮬ ॡ
ᥣ  ࠧ 祭 CLK:

         Ŀ
                     쭮            CLK,  
         Ĵ
           ,                  1520640 
          - ,   -     1611062 
           ,                  1706861 
          - ,             1808356 
           ,        -     1915886 
           ,                  2029811 
          - ,   -     2150510 
          ᮫ ,                2278386 
          ᮫- ,           2413866 
           ,        -     2557401 
          - ,   ᮫        2709472 
           ,        ᮫-   2870586 
         

                            . 5

     ,  ந뢠 모  ࠧ ⮭쭮
 ᯮ짮 ࠫ쭮 㪮鸞  㫥 譮
ॡ ⭠ ࠡ⪠,   ⠪⮢
 ᮯ. (  뫮 ᠭ  [4], ⮫쪮
 襬 砥  祭 CLK    , 
,  ४祭  ⢫  , 
।⢮  ।񭭮 祭  । .)
᫨    ᮡࠥ   ,   ࠢ
1750000  (   "⠣",     㣨
 ᯥ-ᮢ⨬ ஢),   ᬮ
ᯮ    ன । ⮭쭮 
   -  (      ), 
᫥  ⠡. 5.
